Welcome to the Round Table for Wednesday, April 8, 2009
A bit ominous? Well, today I experience part 2 of Wagner's Der Ring, Die Walküre staged by the Los Angeles Opera. Die Walküre (The Valkyrie) is the second of the four operas that comprise Der Ring des Nibelungen (The Ring of the Nibelung), by Richard Wagner. It is the source of the famous piece Ride of the Valkyries.
Wagner took his tale from the Norse mythology told in the Völsunga Saga and the Poetic Edda.[1][2]
It received its premiere at Munich's National Theatre on 26 June 1870 at the insistence of King Ludwig II of Bavaria. It was premiered in Wagner's Bayreuther Festspiele as part of the complete cycle on 14 August 1876. The opera made its United States premiere at the Metropolitan Opera on 30 January 1885.
More information, plots, etc.
Click to listen
Click to listen summary part I
Click for finale Today in history * 217 – Roman Emperor Caracalla is assassinated (and succeeded) by his Praetorian Guard prefect, Marcus Opellius Macrinus.
* 1093 – The new Winchester Cathedral is dedicated by Walkelin.
* 1139 – Roger II of Sicily is excommunicated.
* 1149 – Pope Eugene III takes refuge in the castle of Ptolemy II of Tusculum.
* 1271 – In Syria, sultan Baybars conquers the Krak of Chevaliers.
* 1513 – Explorer Juan Ponce de León declares Florida a territory of Spain.
* 1730 – Shearith Israel, the first synagogue in New York City, is dedicated.
* 1767 – Ayutthaya kingdom falls to Burmese invaders.
* 1808 – The Roman Catholic Diocese of Baltimore was promoted to an archdiocese, with the founding of the dioceses of New York, Philadelphia, Boston, and Bardstown (now Louisville) by Pope Pius VII.
* 1820 – The Venus de Milo is discovered on the Aegean island of Melos.
* 1832 – Black Hawk War: Around three-hundred United States 6th Infantry troops leave St. Louis, Missouri to fight the Sauk Native Americans.
* 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Mansfield – Union forces are thwarted by the Confederate army at Mansfield, Louisiana.
* 1866 – Italy and Prussia ally against Austria-Hungary.
* 1886 – William Ewart Gladstone introduces the first Irish Home Rule Bill into the British House of Commons.
* 1893 – The first recorded college basketball game occurs in Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania.
* 1895 – The Supreme Court of the United States declares income tax to be unconstitutional in Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co.
* 1899 – Martha Place becomes the first woman to be executed in an electric chair.
* 1904 – The French Third Republic and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland sign the Entente cordiale.
* 1904 – British mystic Aleister Crowley transcribes the first chapter of the Book of the Law.
* 1904 – Longacre Square in Midtown Manhattan is renamed Times Square after The New York Times.
* 1908 – Harvard University votes to establish the Harvard Business School.
* 1913 – The 17th Amendment to the United States Constitution, requiring direct election of Senators, becomes law.
* 1916 – In Corona, California, racecar driver Bob Burman crashes, killing three and badly injuring five spectators.
* 1918 – World War I: Actors Douglas Fairbanks and Charlie Chaplin sell war bonds on the streets of New York City's financial district.
* 1929 – Indian Independence Movement: At the Delhi Central Assembly, Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt throw handouts and bombs to court arrest.
* 1935 – The Works Progress Administration is formed when the Emergency Relief Appropriation Act of 1935 becomes law.
* 1940 – World War II: Great Britain and France announce that they have mined Norwegian territorial waters to prevent their use by German supply ships.
* 1942 – World War II: Siege of Leningrad – Soviet forces open a much-needed railway link to Leningrad.
* 1942 – World War II: The Japanese take Bataan in the Philippines.
* 1943 – U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, in an attempt to check inflation, freezes wages and prices, prohibits workers from changing jobs unless the war effort would be aided thereby, and bars rate increases to common carriers and public utilities.
* 1946 – The last meeting of the League of Nations, the precursor of the United Nations, is held.
* 1950 – India and Pakistan sign the Liaquat-Nehru Pact.
* 1952 – U.S. President Harry Truman calls for the seizure of all domestic steel mills to prevent a nationwide strike.
* 1953 – Mau Mau leader Jomo Kenyatta is convicted by Kenya's British rulers.
* 1957 – The Suez Canal in Egypt is reopened.
* 1960 – The U.S. Senate approves the Civil Rights Act of 1960 despite Southern senators' marathon filibuster effort.
* 1968 – BOAC Flight 712 catches fire shortly after take off. As a result of her actions in the accident, Barbara Jane Harrison is awarded a posthumous George Cross, the only GC awarded to a woman in peacetime.
* 1975 – Frank Robinson manages the Cleveland Indians in his first game as major league baseball's first African American manager.
* 1985 – Bhopal disaster: India files suit against Union Carbide for the disaster which killed an estimated 2,000 and injured another 200,000.
* 1987 – Los Angeles Dodgers executive Al Campanis resigns amid controversy over racially-charged remarks he had made while on Nightline.
* 1989 – South Africa: The Democratic Party is formed from the merger of four parties.
* 1989 – The two Greek Communist parties, along with smaller left-wing parties, merge to form the Coalition of the Left and Progress in Greece.
* 1990 – New Democracy wins the national election in Greece.
* 1992 – Retired tennis great Arthur Ashe announces that he has AIDS, acquired from blood transfusions during one of his two heart surgeries.
* 1999 – Haryana Gana Parishad, a political party in the Indian state of Haryana, merges with the Indian National Congress.
* 2000 – Nineteen Marines are killed when an V-22 Osprey tilt-rotor aircraft crashes near Marana, Arizona.
* 2004 – Darfur conflict: The Humanitarian Ceasefire Agreement is signed by the Sudanese government and two rebel groups.
* 2004 – U.S. National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice testifies before the 9/11 Commission.
* 2006 – Shedden massacre: The bodies of eight men, all shot to death, are found in a field in Ontario, Canada. The murders are soon linked to the Bandidos motorcycle gang.
* 2008 – The construction of the world's first building to integrate wind turbines completes, in Bahrain.
![[Linked Image from wahid.fr]](http://www.wahid.fr/wp-content/uploads/2008/07/immeuble-a-eolienne-wind-turbine-building-manama-bahrain-bahrein.JPG)
Among today's birthdays:
Richard Joseph Neutra (April 8, 1892 – April 16, 1970) is considered one of modernism's most important architects.
Neutra was born in Vienna. He studied under Adolf Loos at the Technical University of Vienna, was influenced by Otto Wagner, and worked for a time in Germany in the studio of Erich Mendelsohn. He moved to the United States by 1923 and became a naturalized citizen in 1929. Neutra worked briefly for Frank Lloyd Wright before accepting an invitation from his close friend and university companion Rudolf Schindler to work and live communally in Schindler's Kings Road House in California.
In California, he became celebrated for rigorously geometric but airy structures that represented a West Coast variation on the mid-century modern residence. In the early 1930s, Neutra's Los Angeles practice trained several young architects who went on to independent success, including Gregory Ain, Harwell Hamilton Harris, and Raphael Soriano.
He was famous for the attention he gave to defining the real needs of his clients, regardless of the size of the project, in contrast to other architects eager to impose their artistic vision on a client. Neutra sometimes used detailed questionnaires to discover his client's needs, much to their surprise. His domestic architecture was a blend of art, landscape and practical comfort.
Neutra had a sharp sense of irony. In his autobiography, Life and Shape, he included a playful anecdote about an anonymous movie producer-client who electrified the moat around the house that Neutra designed for him and had his Persian butler fish out the bodies in the morning and dispose of them in a specially designed incinerator. This was a much-embellished account of an actual client, Josef von Sternberg, who indeed had a moated house but not an electrified one.
The novelist/philosopher Ayn Rand was the second owner of the von Sternberg house in the San Fernando Valley (now destroyed). A photo of Neutra and Rand at the home was famously captured by Julius Shulman.
Neutra died in Wuppertal, Germany, in 1970.
Some of his projects:
![[Linked Image from latimesblogs.latimes.com]](http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/photos/uncategorized/2008/05/14/neutra.jpg)
![[Linked Image from parmeleegeology.com]](http://www.parmeleegeology.com/neutra1.JPG)
![[Linked Image from utb.edu]](http://www.utb.edu/vpia/publications/PublishingImages/portfolio/neutra.png)
Do unto others as you would have them do unto yourself