If there were no qualifications, no benefits and no privileges and anyone could get a government marriage certificate for the asking, it would have become a hollow document of no currency.
Indeed it would, CM, indeed. And so, we come full circle, with the recognition that there are many benefits and privileges, that the qualifications
do not include that the couple procreate, engage in "intimacy", or even have any sort of personal relationship whatsoever, but in most States including California the qualifications
do include that the couple must consist of a man and a woman.
So it is not a hollow document at all. It is a document fraught with injustices.