Of course they both do, but they can short circuit clinical trials if people are dying. That really only applies to the anti-viral drug: If they are dying anyway, might as well try it. The first study is designed as a classic blind study where some people get the drug and others get placebo. But if they get a good response to the drug, they then give the placebo folks the drug later for humanitarian reasons.

The vaccine is a bit trickier. You need to give it to a limited bunch of people to see if it is safe first. As long as nobody in that group starts making antibodies against their own cells and nobody has an acute allergic reaction, it is deemed safe. Then you want to check for effectiveness. There is already a great place to do that: Wuhan, China. Vaccinate 100,000 people and see if anybody comes down with the disease. Even if it just makes the disease less lethal, that is a win.